Lenin was the foremost Marxist of the 20th century. Successor and continuer of Marx and Engels, he elevated Marxism to a new level and became the main guide of the October Revolution, the founder of the USSR and the Communist International.

The studies on the development of capitalism in Russia; the wars against Narodnikism; the theory of the party of a new type; the problematic of the democratic agrarian revolution of 1905; the battles against liberalism and opportunism; the philosophical studies; the works on the national question; the break with the chauvinistically transformed Second International; the return to the Marxist theory of the state; the October uprising; the foundation of the Communist International; the problematic of NEP and socialist construction – these are the main milestones of Lenin's work, with the study of which one can understand his personality and contribution.

In this book, Christos Kefalis explores the unity but also the ongoing evolution and enrichment of Lenin’s thought throughout its historical trajectory. He critiques the distortions of it by the dominant ideology and Stalinism and highlights its relevance for the socialist movement in our time.