The bloody uprisings in Arab societies - starting in Tunisia in 2010 - which, although not a homogeneous phenomenon, were collectively called the "Arab Spring," mobilized millions of people and overthrew authoritarian political regimes that until then seemed unshakable. What were the goals of the societies that rose up? Democratic transition or the empowerment of political Islam? By analyzing the religious-ideological mosaic and the various geopolitical and geo-economic parameters in the countries of the Middle East, delving into the causes of religious extremism and outlining the role of the West as well as Greece's position in the developments, experts on the subject, researchers and diplomats Kostis Ailianos, Konstantinos Grivas, Ioannis-Alexios Zepos, Ioannis Th. Mazis, Kyriakos Th. Nikolaou-Patragas, and Mary Christodoulou shed light on the conflicting interests at play in the Arab world in the volume published by the Society of Studies in October 2014 entitled "Arab Spring."