The thought of the Pre-Socratics presents a continual challenge for research and is simultaneously a field of the history of Philosophy with exceptional interest from many perspectives. This is why, in the realm of international research, scientific articles and treatises appear continuously, numbering in the hundreds each year.

Any reference or attempt to approach and interpret the thought of archaic Hellenism in general, which nurtured the reflections of the Pre-Socratics, presupposes a deep understanding of the society and all of its anthropological characteristics. Every aspect of the thought of those great thinkers reflects social processes and political situations in the broad sense of the term, as understood by the ancient Greek philosophers, namely the moral dimension of society.

The philosophical expression of the Pre-Socratic philosophers constitutes a spiritual avant-garde for their time and an undeniable testament to the efforts of the archaic man in the Greek world to transcend established social and religious constraints and to break through the shell of mythical explanations of the world. For this very reason, the study of their thoughts has a paradigmatic character for the history of ideas and remains an inexhaustible source of inspiration and a captivating intellectual exercise.

It is, of course, self-evident today that the study and research of the society and thought of this era, where the Pre-Socratic philosophers lived and acted, must primarily start from understanding their discourse, that is, from delving into the fragments of their philosophical arguments and secondarily, but necessarily, from studying the testimonies preserved by later authors of antiquity up to the time of the later Byzantine period.