The profound and insightful thinker Heraclitus of Ephesus (540 – 480 BC), an experienced scholar with a multi-dimensional discourse full of enigmatic phrases, straddles the line between the brevity of aphorism and the obscurity of prophecy in his profound philosophical teachings, making a detailed reference to the concept of Harmony.
Engaging in the study of the preserved genuine Heraclitean fragments numbered 8, 51, and 54 regarding Harmony, despite their existing maximum interpretative difficulty, particularly concerning the so-called "palindromic" harmony, I approached the concealed truth within them regarding the structure of the harmonies "invisible," "visible," "palindromic," and "most beautiful."
The possibility of executing back-and-forth sequences of musical intervals in palindromic harmony, I believe Heraclitus parallels with the oscillation of the string in stringed musical instruments played with a bow, stating "palindromic harmony just as with bow and lyre," and thus, I discovered - and present evidence - that in the pre-Christian era, there were stringed musical instruments with a bow.
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